The concept of “progress” in contemporary political literature is often interpreted within the paradigm of “development,” a paradigm rooted in the historical experience of the modern West and grounded in secular, humanistic, and material-centered foundations. While this framework has demonstrated certain technical efficiencies, its neglect of the spiritual, identity-based, and teleological dimensions of human life has led to profound theoretical and civilizational crises. This study adopts a descriptive–analytical and critical approach to conduct a comparative examination of the ontological, anthropological, and teleological foundations of “Western political development” and “Islamic political progress.”



The findings indicate that Western political development reduces politics to the level of the technocratic management of interests and defines its ultimate aim as the provision of material welfare and individual freedoms. In contrast, political progress in Islamic thought, grounded in the principles of Tawhid al-Rububiyyah (Divine Lordship), the principle of Nafy al-Sabil (negation of domination), and the pursuit of Hayat Tayyibah (the good and wholesome life), conceives politics as the institutional structure for the establishment of religion and justice. By elaborating four layers—orientation, vision, knowledge, and structure—within the model of political establishment, this research argues that Islamic political progress requires a fundamental redefinition of political concepts, indicators, and institutions based on monotheistic foundations.