The first Pahlavi period (1304-1320 AH) is considered one of the most challenging and turbulent periods in the contemporary history of Iran. During this period, extensive political, social, and cultural developments took place in the country, the consequences of which can still be seen today. One of the most important of these developments was the crisis of national identity and historical fragility that Iranian society was struggling with. Therefore, the aim of the present research is to analyze the crisis of national identity and historical fragility in the first Pahlavi period. Therefore, the main question of the research is: "What are the factors affecting the crisis of national identity and historical fragility in the first Pahlavi period?" In this regard, the present research uses a qualitative descriptive-analytical method to analyze the crisis of national identity and historical fragility in the Reza Khan period. The dominant approach in this article is to use the theory of the crisis of national identity. The data was collected using a library-documentary method using file-taking from documents, books, articles, etc. The research findings indicate that the factors affecting the national identity crisis and the historical fragility of the first Pahlavi period, according to the theory of identity crises, can be said to be multiple factors such as; Western culture, sanctions and economic influences, cultural and artistic influences, political influences, the ideological nature of national identity and its exploitation by political regimes played a role in the emergence and deepening of the identity.