scientific journal Political Sociology of the Islamic Revolution

Abstract The Great Famine of the year (1296-1298 AH-1917-1919 AD) was undoubtedly the biggest famine that caused many casualties in Iran. According to some sources, in this famine, nearly 40% of Iran's population died due to hunger, malnutrition and related diseases. They were lost from it. Despite the fact that neutral Iran was the biggest victim of the First World War. But the great famine in Iran, one of the greatest famines of the modern era, and certainly one of the greatest disasters of the 20th century, remains unknown and undiscovered. Now, by raising the question, what factors caused this great famine in 1917/1296? It can be said that a combination of military confiscation, mediation during the war, hoarding and agricultural problems, and in addition, the war had caused the disruption of trade and the production of agricultural products, as well as the hoarding of Ahmad Shah Qajar, the First World War, the entry of Russian and British forces into Iran. Drought and pest infestation can be mentioned among the causes of famine in Iran, and the impact of this great famine can be seen on the social and economic conditions of Iranian people.

Abstract Undoubtedly, the Islamic Revolution of Iran has been the greatest revolution of the twentieth century, which has been able to have a wide range of effects both domestically and internationally. Its distinguishing feature from other revolutions was its emphasis on spirituality and values ​​inspired by the religion of Islam, so that by relying on the cultural power of Islam and reviving Islamic values ​​in a specific international and domestic context, it was able to win by mass mobilization. Reach. The study of the causes of revolutions has always been one of the most fascinating topics in political science and sociology. So far, different views have been put forward regarding the causes of the Islamic Revolution in Iran. In this study, we intend to express the dissatisfaction and failure of various sections of society in the form of relative deprivation, as well as direct and indirect communication between the army and the person of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and the effects of these relations on unrest and dissatisfaction that led to the revolution. Has been examined.

Abstract The method of the domination system in ruling over thoughts is seduction and the method of the divine guidance system. Therefore, in the war of narratives, the domination system is trying to dominate the public opinion and achieve its arrogant goals by distorting the facts. But on the other hand, Nizam Elahi is trying to save the public opinion from the captivity of domination through the Jihad of Enlightenment. The Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution chose the strategy of explanation jihad in the war of narratives, and on the other hand, by presenting the statement of the second step, he specified the goal of the Islamic Revolution and addressed the youth. Therefore, the main responsibility of this Jihad in the direction of the statement of the second step of the Islamic Revolution is the responsibility of the middle circles who are in contact with the body of the society on the one hand and the officials of the Islamic system on the other hand. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the role of the middle circles in the Jihad of explanation with the aim of realizing the statement of the second step. The current research collects information in a library form and examines it in a descriptive-analytical form.

Abstract Addressing the issue of the new middle class as one of the main influential groups in the contemporary period of Iranian history, especially in the last four decades, is of various dimensions. One of these dimensions that has and will have a great impact on the understanding of the Islamic Revolution is the developments, characteristics and political challenges of the new middle class in the Islamic Republic. What political developments has the emergence and existence of a new middle class in the Islamic Republic of Iran gone through and what challenges does it pose to the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran? The main question of this article is. Methodologically, it is a descriptive-analytical study that has been used as a library method to collect information. The results show that the emergence of a new middle class in Iran and its developments has faced the Islamic Republic with challenges such as the fluidity of political demands and tendencies, discourse conflict with the traditional middle class, multiple political demands and good governance.

Abstract Background and problem: The current research aims to analyze the meaning, what, why, and components and characteristics of national cohesion in the thought of Ayatollah Khamenei (Madazla Al-Aali) and the different dimensions of the issue from his perspective. Therefore, the current research seeks to answer the question, what does the concept of national cohesion mean in the political thought of Ayatollah Grand Ayatollah Khamenei (Madazla Al-Ali)? What are its dimensions and components?

Methodology: The method of the current research is qualitative and of thematic analysis type. The statistical population in this research includes all the speeches that His Holiness gave from 1368 to 1397 regarding national unity. Therefore, the method of collecting information is a library using a phishing method and referring to first-hand sources, that is, the speeches of His Holiness documented on his website. Therefore, the method of analyzing the findings was done by thematic analysis based on the Supreme Leader's website and his statements.

Results and findings: The results of the research findings in the field of the political thought of the Supreme Ayatollah Khamenei (Madazaleh Al-Ali) show the effects and political, economic, cultural and social factors in national cohesion. The components of political factors include a- leadership and authority, b- unity between the three powers and government agencies, and c- people. Also, social factors include: a) formation of trade unions, and attention to people's problems, b) formation of religious boards and attention to spiritual issues, and c) creation of healthy recreation centers.

Abstract The issue of political participation is general and comprehensive in human communities and it is rarely found a day when it is not talked about human rights and people’s participation in governments’ fate in the mass media, the press, and even everyday conversations. In Iran also, especially after the Islamic Revolution, political participation and specifically voting behavior grabbed particular attention. In the Iranian political and legal structure, the different means of realization of political participation have been accepted, though with some barriers, in the framework of the constitution and the laws in the area of public rights. Thus, the present study aims to analyze and explore the position of political participation in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. To do so, the indicators of political participation and its mechanism in the constitution were expressed using library studies. Besides, the election as one of the components of political participation in the constitution was investigated. the results indicate that the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran as the main document to guarantee rights and freedoms explicitly or implicitly enumerates the people’s political participation as a right for them and determines its boundaries. The Islamic Republic system and its constitution are created by the people’s votes and in the meantime, the election of the Supreme Leader indirectly as well as the president’s selection and selection of members of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, and participation, in the government administration and participation in the advancement of the country's affairs.

Abstract Following the victory of the Islamic Revolution and the establishment of the Islamic Republic, the Iranian legal system underwent a profound and fundamental change in the principles, rules and legal requirements, and the amendment of laws based on the revelatory principles of Islam became the head of the country's legislative policy. After about forty years of the life of the Islamic Revolution, the question arises that what are the characteristics of the legal system of the Islamic Republic of Iran and what is its position in comparison with other legal systems? Findings of this research using descriptive-documentary research method, show that the legal system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, while combining the legal system and the adoption of new laws with moral teachings and Islamic values, as a comprehensive and transcendent model. It is manifested that in interaction with global approaches, it has adopted a new approach. Western legal systems, based on the two broad orientations of "natural law" and "school of positivism", have limited the constituents of law to rational cognitions, pure justice, political and economic ends, public will, and empiricism. ‌ and because of this they have suffered from reductionism and inadequacy. The legal system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, having the strengths of other legal systems and eliminating the shortcomings of these systems, has become a sublime and complete model that, while paying attention to social goals and material goals, based on religious principles and values. Divine and spiritual consolidated. Therefore, the legal system of the Islamic Republic of Iran in comparison with global paradigms can be considered a new, comprehensive and transcendent model.