scientific journal Political Sociology of the Islamic Revolution

Comparing the concept of freedom according to Ayatollah Naini and Karl Popper

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Mohammad Jalilfar 1
MohammadKazem Kaveh Pishghadam 2
HamidReza Haghighat 3

1 Azad University student

2 Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran

Abstract
A Comparative Analysis of the Concept of Freedom from Ayatollah Naini and Karl Popper’s Perspectives

Mohammad Kazem Kaveh Pishghadam, Hamid Reza Haghighat, Mohammad Jalilfar



Introduction

Freedom has always faced significant constraints, particularly under the rule of despotic rulers. These authoritarian leaders sought to impose slavery and servitude upon the people of their time through looting, oppression, and violations in pursuit of their self-centered goals and the interests of their supporters. Among the Shiite scholars of his era, Ayatollah Naini emerged as a champion of resistance against the despotism and oppression of unworthy rulers. In his famous treatise, "Tanbih al-Ummah wa Tanzih al-Millah," he urges Muslims to stand against and not submit to autocratic rulers based on the recommendations of God in the Quran and the sayings of the infallible.

Naini considers ownership-oriented sovereignty as the usurpation of human rights, emphasizing the transformation of this sovereignty into guardianship and freedom from the tyranny of oppressive rulers. He contends that all conflicts and struggles between prophets and saints of the past against tyrants were aimed at achieving freedom from invaders, which remains the greatest divine blessing. Naini emphasizes that the reality of overcoming oppressive rule lies in the nation's victory in attaining this divine gift: freedom.

Keywords

The concept of freedom"
government"
Karl Popper"
Ayatollah Naini"
"
rulers"
scientific journal Political Sociology of the Islamic Revolution
Volume 5, Issue 1 - Serial Number 17
Spring 2024
Pages 323-345

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