scientific journal Political Sociology of the Islamic Revolution

Abstract The primary indicator of women's empowerment is their political participation in decision-making processes. Women's political participation extends beyond mere involvement in elections and voting; it encompasses an active and effective role for women in all democratic institutions. This research aims to propose strategies for empowering women in political decision-making within the Islamic Republic of Iran. The present study seeks to address the following central question: "What strategies can empower women to engage in political decision-making in the Islamic Republic of Iran?" The research employs a qualitative method, with data collected through interviews. The statistical population for this study includes professors from the faculties of political science, social sciences, sociology, and law. The sample comprised 15 of these professors. The results, following thematic analysis, reveal that the main themes include supportive government, modern education, legal reforms, civil institutions, media collaboration, and the modeling of effective strategies for empowering women in significant political and managerial decision-making processes.

Abstract
The basic issue of this article is the theory of resistance as a new political-social theory arising from the victory of the Islamic Revolution, for the present and the future of the Islamic Revolution. This theory has grown in the face of the dominance of the Western-arrogant theories and has led to the empowerment and awakening of the Islamic world. The Islamic Revolution in the past fourteen decades relies on For this theory, while marginalizing the dominance of arrogance theories, it achieved many successes in the political, economic, scientific, etc. fields. This theory has characteristics such as being natural, rational, and

It also has negative elements such as anti-arrogance, anti-tyranny, and positive elements such as central spirituality, pacifism, etc. With the beginning of the fifth decade of the Islamic Revolution, the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution announced a statement about the future of the Islamic Revolution, in which he outlined the path of the Islamic Revolution to reach a new Islamic civilization. They considered the most important missions of the second step of the revolution to be the authority in the following areas, which is achieved by relying on independence and resistance.

. Field of science and research 2. The field of spirituality and ethics 3. The field of economics 4. The field of justice and anti-corruption 5. The field of independence and freedom 6. The field of national honor and foreign relations .

Abstract Cosmopolitanism and global peace are fundamental concepts in contemporary thought that have garnered significant attention in both Western and Eastern spheres. These concepts exhibit meaningful differences in the Eastern and Western intellectual traditions, particularly in terms of philosophical outlooks and worldviews. Therefore, this article aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the thoughts of Martyr Motahari and Immanuel Kant regarding cosmopolitanism and peace. The central question of this article is: how are the ideas of cosmopolitanism and democratic peace explained from the perspectives of Martyr Motahari and Immanuel Kant? In response, it can be hypothesized that cosmopolitanism, from Martyr Motahari's perspective, is based on three fundamental principles: the epistemology of humanity, society, and the world. In contrast, Kant views it through the lens of public law, dividing it into three categories: the right of governance, national rights, and international rights. Regarding peace, both thinkers agree that republican political systems, being people-centered, are advocates of peace, and are not driven by the pursuit of power or war, as war inherently has a destructive nature, and human societies suffer from its consequences. The findings of this research suggest that achieving global peace and cosmopolitanism is possible through interaction, dialogue, and collective cooperation.

Abstract The analysis of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran shows that the Islamic Revolution occurred in response to the structure of the international system and the uneven distribution of power among countries. Because the Iranian revolution was anti-structural and from the beginning, it faced the intervention of foreign powers in Iran. By raising the question of what strategic position the Islamic Revolution of Iran has in the international system, this research has reached the hypothesis that the Islamic Revolution was able to establish a link between the internal, regional and international levels of analysis, and bring the internal link between domestic and foreign policy to the fore. appeared This importance is due to the understanding of the increase in interaction and communication between nations in the international system based on mutual dependence, as well as the emphasis of the Islamic Republic of Iran on the necessity of human self-awareness in view of the global mission of the revolution. The Islamic revolution strengthened and strengthened the non-alignment movement and the formation of real non-alignment, proposed the idea of an independent Islamic bloc, and led to the rise of Islamic movements in the international system. This article has been done using documentary studies, library sources and analytical and descriptive methods.

Abstract During the student period, people's efforts to expand the scope of knowledge and gain scientific experiences are doubled. During this period, there is an opportunity to develop social skills, time management and individual independence. This course is usually associated with various challenges and experiences. Among them, we can mention academic pressures, adaptation to new conditions and environment, distance from family and emotional bonds. Also, this period can be a good time to discover career interests and goals and create important connections for people's future careers.

The purpose of this article is to get to know the attitude of students towards the political, social and cultural issues and problems of the Islamic Republic of Iran. By using the grounded theory method, it aims to answer this main question: What issues and problems do students identify in the political, social and cultural fields of Iran? From the total available data, it can be concluded that a combination of economic, cultural, political and social issues and problems has caused distrust in the officials and decreased hope in the society. Therefore, the 14th government can, by adopting correct and effective policies and using the potential of the country's elite society and reforming the existing structures, in addition to improving the general atmosphere of the country, provide the ground for solving some of the country's problems.

Abstract o achieve the goals and advance the programs in each area in each system, it is necessary to prepare a comprehensive and complete program; which is usually referred to as upstream documents. Currently, in Iran, in accordance with the management system and the structure of the country's administration, a number of upstream documents have been compiled, which are essential for the three branches of government to carry out their documents, approvals, programs and actions in order to realize those documents. Among these documents, in the area of ​​women and family, there are general family policies that have been communicated to the heads of the three branches of government by the leadership of the Islamic Republic of Iran based on Article 110 of the Constitution. Therefore, the necessity of all approvals in line with the realization of these documents is one of the duties of all centers and agencies. The purpose of the following article is to examine the performance of the tenth term of the Islamic Consultative Assembly based on the policies communicated by the leadership in the area of ​​women and family, which has been addressed in a descriptive-analytical and critical manner. The result is that in the mentioned period, out of a total of 175 laws approved and notified to the government, 2 specific laws and 7 non-specific issues mentioned the issue of women and the family.

Abstract Due to the rising relevance of the activity of political parties in the realm of politics, the activity of these parties has been given the attention of scholars in the theoretical area as well. Researchers have focused on the factors that contribute to the formation and growth of political parties, as well as their operational mechanisms. The objective of this study is to analyze the prevailing perspectives and ideas on this matter, which can be broadly categorized into three groups: "election-based viewpoint," "class conflict and social division-based viewpoint," and "political modernization and development-based viewpoint." This article, which is analytical-descriptive in nature, tries to take into account the background of this issue while presenting preliminary discussions in the form of the historical background of political parties, their coordinates and features, as well as the reasons for the failure of political parties in Iran, by using library resources. It investigates the above-mentioned three points of view and offers the potential of merging these points of view, particularly with the activities of political parties in Iran.

Abstract Problem Statement: Political participation is one of the key factors in political and social transformations. The Islamic Revolution of Iran, as one of the most significant political events of the twentieth century, was rooted in widespread public participation. This participation played a critical role in the revolution itself and later in managing political crises and consolidating the Islamic Republic.

Main Question and Hypothesis: This research addresses the main question: "How did public political participation during the Islamic Revolution of Iran contribute to managing political crises?" It examines the hypothesis that public participation, guided by the leadership of Imam Khomeini (RA), successfully managed crises and institutionalized the new political system.

Methodology: This study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach and employs qualitative historical analysis. Data were collected from library resources and historical documents and analyzed using Charles Tilly's political mobilization theory. This methodology enables the examination of public political participation within a socio-historical framework.

Findings and Results: The findings reveal that during the Pahlavi era, political suppression and the restriction of freedoms led to informal mobilization. In the years leading up to the revolution, political participation escalated into a widespread movement that, under the leadership of Imam Khomeini (RA), culminated in the Islamic Revolution. After the revolution's victory, this participation continued through referenda, elections, and the Sacred Defense, contributing to the consolidation of the Islamic Republic, enhancing its legitimacy, and strengthening national cohesion. This participation established a lasting model for managing both domestic and international crises.

Abstract Political culture is a set of attitudes, beliefs, and feelings within a nation towards politics at a specific time. It is divided into three main types: limited, subordinate, participatory, and a combination of these cultures. In addition, political socialization is the process of maintaining or transforming political cultures, which is carried out through two methods: primary and secondary socialization. Accordingly, political culture in Iran after the Islamic Revolution has begun a process from subordinate to participatory culture, which although some progress has been made compared to before the Islamic Revolution, the course of this movement indicates a slow process. Research question: What effect has political socialization had on the process of transformation in Iran's political culture after the Islamic Revolution? The hypothesis of the article is that weak performance in the area of secondary socialization as a dimension of political socialization has caused a delay in the process of transformation in Iran's political culture (from subordinate to participatory). Findings: The weak performance in the educational system and parties as two factors affecting the political education of individuals has slowed down the movement towards a participatory political culture. Part of the problems of the educational system are related to the lack of appropriate training in political behavior by teachers and professors, and part is related to the content and course resources. Parties, due to their governmental nature, have also not been able to perform significantly in the direction of transformation in Iran's political culture after the Islamic Revolution.

Abstract مراسم اربعین بعنوان یکی از بزرگ ترین تجمعات مذهبی و رویدادی بین المللی، نه تنها نمادی از ارادت میلیونها نفر به واقعه عاشورا وجانفشانی امام حسین (ع)در برابر ظلم و ستم می باشد، بلکه بعنوان نمادی از قدرت نرم ومفهوم مقاومت نیز به شمار می آید.این تجمع با جذب افراد از گروههای مختلف مسلمان وحتی غیر مسلمان با افکار و اعتقادات فرهنگی، اجتماعی و سیاسی متفاوت، به تقویت هم بستگی و هویت مشترک جمعی می پردازد و بعنوان ابزاری موثر در پیشبرد اهداف فرهنگی و سیاسی تلقی می شود.این پژوهش با بیان ابعاد مختلف مراسم اربعین و اهمیت آن از دیدگاه آیات و روایات ، در صدد پاسخ به این پرسش می باشد که مراسم اربعین چگونه می تواند بعنوان ابزار قدرت نرم بوده وچه اثراتی بر افکار جوانان در مفهوم مقاومت از سویی و در عرصه وسیع تر در حوزه ی بین الملل می تواند داشته باشد .در تعقیب این هدف خطیر، ضمن روشن سازی مفهوم مقاومت وچگونگی شکل گیری آن در ایران و عراق، به تحلیل ابعاد اثرگزارمراسم اربعین در عرصه بین المللی واثرات فرهنگی،اجتماعی و سیاسی آن در تقویت قدرت نرم ومفهوم مقاومت در برابر تهدیدات خارجی و داخلی پرداخته می شود.در پایان مبرهن می گردد پیوندها وهمکاریهای بین المللی از یک سو وتقویت آگاهی بخشی در افکار از سوی دیگر در مراسم اربعین در ایجاد حس همبستگی مذهبی و عاطفی بعنوان نیرومندترین ابزار قدرت نرم در سالهای اخیر عمل کرده است؛ اگرچه با چالشها و موانعی هم روبرو بوده است.

Abstract One of the factors influencing the development process is the existence of requirements related to civil ethics among citizens and in their relations with the government. So that if civil ethics is institutionalized among citizens and facilitated in the scope of government institutions of a society, the possibility of realizing development will be provided. This research, in a descriptive/analytical way, seeks to investigate the issue that in the second Pahlavi era and in the novels of Mohammad Ali Jamalzadeh and Sadegh Chubak, the lack or lack of civil ethics among the people and in government institutions, how an unbalanced and underdeveloped society In the minds of these storytellers has evoked? The findings of the research show that in the content of Jamalzadeh and Chubak's stories, there is a lack of principles such as respecting the rights of citizens, disregarding the privacy of others, and the existence of rent and family considerations in the political system of the second Pahlavi era, (which of course is mainly influenced by Economic problems )have been considered as challenges of civil ethics and consequently the underdevelopment of Iranian society

Abstract The Islamic Revolution was one of the important changes in Iran for the creation and development of national identity against subcultural, contradictory and intra-ethnic identities and was able to facilitate the transition from ethnic identity to national identity by relying on social capital, the consequences of which were the promotion of social tolerance, reduction of ethnic political conflicts and the multilateral connection and bonding of ethnicities with the governance of the Islamic Revolution. Accordingly, the main purpose of the study is to study the national identity of Iranians from the perspective of social capital during the periods of 1384 to 1403. The research method is quantitative meta-analysis (CMA2); the unit of analysis is articles (Normegs, Mag Iran) and masters and doctoral theses (Iran Doc) in the period 2005 to 2024. 50 scientific documents were selected from the statistical population using a deliberate-non-probability method (article evaluation according to entry and exit criteria); 31 sample sizes were selected and the results were analyzed using Cohen's d and Fisher's f tests. The results show that social capital, as a macro-social indicator, has been able to influence the connection and belonging to the national identity after the Islamic Revolution, and the value of this effect coefficient is equal to 43 percent. Also, the dimensions of social capital, including social belonging (0.389); social cohesion (0.308); social participation (0.418); social support (0.355); social awareness (0.292), have been effective in promoting the national identity of Iranians after the Islamic Revolution of Iran, and this effect is significant.

Abstract One of the fundamental issues in the history of philosophy is the examination of the philosophical foundations of ethics, whose influence extends into fields such as political philosophy. In the classical philosophical tradition, wisdom was divided into two branches: theoretical and practical. Theoretical wisdom concerned the understanding of existential realities, while practical wisdom focused on values and normative principles in ethics and politics (tadbir al-madinah). A central question is the logic governing practical wisdom. While demonstrative reasoning (burhani) governs theoretical wisdom, it remains debatable whether the same logical structure can be applied to practical wisdom.

This paper aims to examine the role of fitrah in moral philosophy from the perspective of Mutahhari and to elucidate the foundations of Islamic ethics. The key research question is: How can universal and enduring moral principles be established based on the theory of fitrah? The hypothesis of this study is that Mutahhari, by emphasizing human fitrah and the duality of human existence (the lower and higher dimensions), defines ethics as a set of universal obligations rooted in the higher dimension of human nature.

The research employs an analytical and descriptive methodology, drawing upon Mutahhari’s works and the conceptual analysis of his views. The findings suggest that Mutahhari presents the theory of fitrah not only as a foundation for ethics but also as a response to the challenges of moral relativism and pragmatic ethical theories. Ultimately, his perspective on moral principles is grounded in a common human nature and directed toward spiritual perfection.

Abstract With the emergence of the human mind as a new field of battle and the change in the nature of wars, the scope of activities has been transferred from the physical and information fields to the field of understanding and awareness, and the human brain has become a new battlefield. has been Derived from the above and with the aim of creating a transformation in the way of looking at the surrounding environment and setting the stage for carrying out specific actions, a planned and purposeful process under the title of "cognitive warfare" is taking place. Based on this, formulating any policy to deal with the enemy's cognitive warfare in the cyberspace requires the design of a realistic and applicable conceptual model.This research is based on the study of related researches, literature review, identification of conventional threats, and extraction of common concepts by posing the question, "What is the model of policy making to deal with the enemy's cognitive warfare in cyber space and what model can be drew from this study? By using the qualitative research method of the foundation type (GT), it tries to develop a conceptual model for developing a policy model for dealing with the enemy's cognitive warfare in the cyber space in accordance with local concerns and in order to prevent provide strategic surprise and avoid the parallelism of usual work. The most important methods of collecting information in this research are library studies and field research, and the resulting conceptual model has three ...

Abstract Understanding historical events is very complicated. These events are faced with different readings after they happen. Philosophical approaches have come to the aid of history enthusiasts to solve this problem. Among the numerous events of the contemporary Iranian society, the event of the 6th of Bahman 1360 in the city of Amol should be considered one of the important events in the history of the revolution, which, ironically, has been narrated exactly at the "what" level with various descriptions. In this research, an attempt has been made to investigate the nature of this event by using hermeneutic teachings. Based on the findings of this research, the epic-type narration of this movement has more credibility for various reasons. Based on the findings of the research from the text of the event, which has naturally undergone multiple official and unofficial narratives, topics such as "the unfavorable position of the leftist movements among the people of Mazandaran and Amol in that period of time", "the widespread involvement of the country in the imposed war", "the favorable position of the Imam" As the leader of the Islamic Republic among the people of Mazandaran province and Amol city, in the context of the mentioned incident, it strengthens the possibility of the authenticity of the epic narration of this event.

Abstract The Shiite world, as one of the most important religious and political communities in the world, has always had a profound impact on political, social and economic developments in various regions. The historical, religious, cultural and geopolitical impacts of this world are clearly visible in regional and global developments, especially in the Islamic world. Therefore, understanding the various dimensions of Shiite geopolitics not only helps to better understand the internal and external relations of Shiite communities, but is also an essential tool for analyzing and predicting global and regional policies in today's world.

The present article is written with the aim of examining the various dimensions of Shiite geopolitics and its role in regional and global policies. This work intends to analyze the geographical location of Shiite communities in the context of historical, social and cultural developments, and specifically examine the role of Shiite in global strategies, great powers and international relations. In this regard, geopolitical theoretical concepts and models from the Shiite perspective, the relations of these societies with non-Shiite countries, and the mutual influence of religion and politics in determining the strategic position of Shiite countries in the global arena are discussed and analyzed.

Abstract The conflict and battle in Syria is a regional and international conflict. There are two political axes with two plans and approaches in this conflict. In one of these two plans, the path of resistance and struggle against the enemies of the nation, especially the main enemy of the Zionist regime, has been chosen, and in the other plan, there is a plan to dominate and maintain the superiority of the Zionist regime over the region, which is led by the US government and its regional allies. Considering the regional dimension of the Syrian crisis, the Shiites were able to become influential by entering the Syrian crisis at the regional level. The arrival of the Arab uprising wave in Syria and the beginning of internal protests and the spread of the crisis have turned this country into a scene for the fight of numerous military groups against each other and the Alawite government, the hounding of foreign militant groups such as ISIS, the direct and indirect intervention of regional powers, and the confrontation of world powers. By designing the question of what impact the discourse of the Islamic Revolution after 2011 had on the axis of resistance and the Shiites in Syria, the present study has put forward the hypothesis that the discourse of the Islamic Revolution from 2011 to 2024 onwards played an active role in the structure of Syria and had a positive impact on strengthening the axis of resistance.

Abstract Iran and Saudi Arabia are the two top players in the region and rivals in West Asia. The events of 2003 in Iraq and the fall of Saddam led to an increase in the role and influence of Iran in sphere of this country. In this regard, Saudi Arabia tried to increase its geopolitical influence in Iraq, and to prevent influence of Iran, which, according to the Saudis, Iraq is the first Arab Shia government and one of the important links of the axis of resistance. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to analyze the policies and mechanisms of Saudi confrontation with Iran and the axis of resistance in sphere of modern Iraq. To achieve the main goal, the descriptive-analytical method and the theoretical framework of threat balance have been used.

The findings of the research show that the Saudis consider Iraq a part of the axis of resistance. They are against the influence of the Iran in this country. From their point of view, the continuation of Iran's influence in Iraq not only improves the regional position of the Islamic Republic, but also leads to a change in the balance of power in favor of the axis of resistance. Therefore, by supporting Sunnis and secular Shiites, creating cynicism in the media against Iran, trying to create insecurity by inciting ISIS to attack Iraq, getting close to America with the aim of weakening the balance of power to the detriment of the Iran and the axis of resistance.