scientific journal Political Sociology of the Islamic Revolution

Abstract In order to maintain the integrity of the country, the governments are obliged to identify the identity crisis and strengthen the components of the national identity in the people. In this research, the roots of this crisis were identified in the opinions and writings of Mirza Malkam Khan by using Skinner's hermeneutic method and by studying the texts. The results show that national identity has three main pillars, religious identity, Iranian and national identity, freedom or democracy, and the conflict and attention to one and neglecting the other pillars has caused identity crisis in different eras. You can see the manifestation of national identity in the slogan of independence, freedom and the Islamic Republic. Independence shows the national and Iranian identity, freedom shows democracy and the Islamic Republic shows the religious identity of Iranians. Incomplete attention to one or two of these dimensions without paying attention to other dimensions has led to the emergence of identity crisis throughout the contemporary history of Iran.

Abstract The power paradigm approach is an explanation for the transfer of governments and in the context of investigating power changes at the level of agency and structure in four areas of accumulation, hegemony, identity and legitimacy. But at the level of government changes in a single system like the Islamic Republic, another approach should be used to explain the micro-changes under the macro-power paradigm of the Islamic Republic. The main question of the article is what approach can be used to explain the changes in the level of power under a political system. It seems that the best criterion for investigation is the investigation of discursive differences alongside the investigation of changes in agency and persons. In the Islamic Republic, since 1376, the two discourses of reformism and fundamentalism, with a continuity, are shifting and rotating power. This discursive turn is similar to the concept of Sattari power paradigm, which is considered a micro-paradigm turn due to discursive changes instead of changes in the four structural causes. In this article, the Sattari power paradigm approach is used to explain the rotation of sub-paradigms of power in the Islamic Republic. The result shows that the governments of Khatami, Rouhani, and the doctors are defined under the sub-paradigm of reformist power, and the governments of Ahmadinejad and Shahid Raisi are defined under the sub-paradigm of fundamentalism. This process of movement and rotation of power flow in the Islamic Republic is interpreted as the rotation of sub-paradigms of power in the Islamic Republic.

Abstract Political development in any society is deeply linked to its general culture and political culture. To achieve sustainable development, it is essential to consider indigenous models that are appropriate to the geographical, social, economic, cultural, and historical characteristics of each country. Merely emulating imported and general models without a true understanding of the national context is not only ineffective but can also hinder development. This research shows that despite the growth of civil society institutions and the expansion of developmentalist demands in the political sphere after the Constitutional Revolution, political development in Iran has faced serious challenges. These challenges are mainly due to the centralized system of government, the weakness of consensus among political forces, the lack of coordination between the owners of wealth, knowledge, and power, and undesirable ethnic policies, all of which have had a negative impact on the development process. These findings specifically emphasize the role of cultural identity and "Iranianness" in understanding and addressing these obstacles.

Abstract هدف این مقاله بررسی رابطه بین متغیر اقتصادی نفت و پدیده اجتماعی انقلاب است. بعد از کودتای 28 مرداد 1332 و تشکیل کنسرسیوم نفتی به تدریج قیمت نفت افزایش پیدا کرد و در نیمه اول اوایل دهه 1350 درآمد حاصل از آن، جهش قابل ملاحظه‌ای پیدا کرد. بحث درباره نقش متغیرهای اقتصادی در وقوع جنبش‌های اجتماعی و پدیده‌های سیاسی از جمله انقلاب‌ اسلامی در شرایطی که نفت به یک متغیر قابل توجه در اقتصاد سیاسی ایران تبدیل شده، مساله پیش روی این مقاله است. نفت و درآمد حاصل از آن نقش قابل توجهی در ثبات و مشروعیت بخشی رژیم پهلوی ایفا می‌کرد و بحران کارآمدی رژیم را پنهان می‌کرد، تداوم درامدهای نفتی و سود سرشار حاصل از آن و تزریق ان به بدنه جامعه نوعی توافق موقت میان جامعه و رژیم ایجاد کرده بود که هر گونه اختلال در این زمینه می‌توانست به حرکت‌های اجتماعی از جمله انقلاب سرعت مضاعفی ببخشد. از این جهت افزایش درامدهای نفتی توانست بحران مشروعیت و کارآمدی رژیم را به صورت موقت پنهان سازد و کاهش ان توانست به ظهور و بروز هر چه بیشتر این بحران‌ها منجر شود. با وجود اینکه گفتمان غالب در انقلاب اسلامی از عناصر غیرمادی و معنوی نشات می‌گرفت، اما نمی‌توان نقش متغیرهای اقتصادی از جمله متغیر مهم نفت را در جنبش‌های اجتماعی ایران از جمله انقلاب اسلامی نادیده گرفت.

Abstract This article,which is developed using a descriptive-analytical method with the aim of analyzing the role of the social obligation of “enjoining good and forbidding evil” in promoting good governance and its impact on transparency accountability, public oversight,and the development of public participation in the Islamic Republic of Iran,seeks to answer the question of how Article 8 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran can contribute to strengthening good governance and enabling active public supervision of the government’s performance.In this study,the concepts related to Article 8 of the Constitution and the obligation of enjoining good and forbidding evil are first reviewed.Legal and jurisprudential evidence,as well as data collected from various library sources,are analyzed to identify the challenges and opportunities of this principle in the context of good governance.The findings indicate that this constitutional principle,emphasizing people’s participation in overseeing government performance,can serve as a tool for achieving good governance.The principle of “enjoining good and forbidding evil,” by reinforcing public oversight and promoting responsibility at the societal level,contributes to,on the one hand, increasing government transparency and,on the other hand,building public trust. However,challenges such as subjective and selective interpretations of this principle may complicate its effective implementation,highlighting the need for legal and jurisprudential reforms to clarify related processes.Therefore,the effective implementation of Article 8 can lead to improved governance quality, social and economic development,and enhanced relationships between the people and the government,ultimately strengthening the legitimacy of the political system and providing the necessary foundations for sustainable development in the country.

Abstract Civilization is a type of society based on a specific worldview and attitude. As the main members of a civilization, individuals in society can, with their own free will, confront the previous civilization and establish a new civilization. The confrontation with the previous civilization takes place for various reasons, which are called the causes of the decline and decline of civilizations; and on the other hand, there are attitudes that organize the causes of the emergence of civilizations after the decline and collapse of other civilizations. In numerous verses, the Holy Quran, while telling the stories of different civilizations and the lifestyle of the people in these civilizations, explains the decline and emergence of civilizations and the causes and mechanisms of their rise and fall. In fact, these verses explain the divine traditions in the manner of the decline and rise of societies and the rotation of civilizations. Imam Khomeini, as an interpreter of the Quran, has reflected on civilizations and their rotation throughout history. According to Imam Khomeini's Quranic approach, what are the causes of civilizational change from his perspective? Relying on divine traditions in the Quran, Imam Khomeini (RA) considers the most important causes of civilizational change in different periods of history to be: oppression - justice, discrimination - equality, inefficiency - empowerment, ignorance and negligence - awakening and awareness of society, extremism - moderation, dependence - independence, insecurity - security, polytheism and disbelief - monotheism, and division - unity of Muslims.

Abstract The Islamic Revolution of Iran (1979) represents a significant institutional rupture in Iran’s development trajectory, characterized not by a transition to an open access order but by the reinforcement of a limited access order within the framework of traditional-religious structures. This study employs Douglass North’s institutional framework to analyze the role of four key actors post-revolution—clergy and revolutionary institutions, the National Front and Freedom Movement, leftist factions, and technocrats from the Pahlavi regime—in perpetuating Iran’s underdevelopment. The findings indicate that the clergy, leveraging extensive social capital and robust informal institutional networks, successfully established new formal institutions and monopolized power resources within a limited access order. Conversely, other actors were marginalized due to their lack of entrenched institutional networks, limited social legitimacy, and inability to create or strengthen effective formal and informal institutions. The persistence of reliance on traditional-religious institutions, high transaction costs, and constraints on institutional competition have been major obstacles to the emergence of an open access order and sustainable development in Iran.

Abstract The present study aims to investigate the impact of cyberspace on the political and social activism of female undergraduate students at Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch. The method of this study is descriptive-correlational. The research population is female undergraduate students at Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch in 2024-2025. In order to determine the sample size, due to the specific size of the population, the Cochran sample size determination formula was used, which determined the sample size to be 375, and the questionnaires were distributed among the statistical sample in a simple random manner. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha (0.892). After ensuring the acceptability of the normality of the dependent variable, univariate regression, multivariate regression, and one-way analysis of variance were used to test the research hypotheses using SPSS software. The results confirmed the role of cyberspace usage and its dimensions in the socio-political activism of female students of Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch. There was also evidence confirming the role of cyberspace membership, attitude towards content in this space, level of participation in cyberspace, and years of presence in cyberspace in the socio-political activism of female students of Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch. The three factors of field of study, place of residence and economic well-being did not affect the socio-political activism of the target population.

Abstract The following article aims to explain and ontology the theory of the revolutionary system as the most important conceptual structure in the statement of the second step and by asking the question, how is the theory of the revolutionary system articulated in terms of discourse? It has tried to, with the approach of discourse analysis of Lacla and Mouffe, The central signifier of the revolutionary system theory and some other signifiers and discourse characteristics of this theory have been recognized in order to be guided to a correct understanding of its concepts and symptoms in the superdiscourse of the Islamic Revolution. Islam and the system of jurisprudence is a central sign in the establishment of government and system building in the midst of the requirements of the contemporary era, and in this sign, Shiite jurisprudence is responsible for four basic special tasks for system building. The central sign of coherence and placed as an element of identity formation and becoming a part of the theory has been investigated. Revolutionary rationality can be a third way to solve the problem of structure-agent relationship and create a revolutionary subject. A subject who performs political action in a semantic system and by understanding the contexts of activism. Finally, some important moments and signifiers in the political thought of Ayatollah Khamenei, which have been mentioned among other things, create a discourse equivalence chain and The theory revolutionary system has been analyzed against Thermidorian approaches and western epistemology.

Abstract Objective: Evaluation of curricula and educational atmosphere in universities is one of the ways of monitoring performance and introduction to improving educational methods. One of the ways to evaluate the university's educational climate is to survey students. Method: In this research, in order to evaluate the educational environment of education courses (Islamic thought, Islamic revolution, history of Islam and Islamic education) in the academic year of 2023-2024, 375 students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were selected by multi-stage stratified sampling method. and completed the questionnaire to measure Darim's educational environment. SPSS 19 software was used for data analysis. Findings: The results of the present study showed that students' perception of the educational environment of education courses is positive. Also, in all five dimensions of the evaluation of the educational environment of education courses (students' perception of learning, professors, their academic ability, educational atmosphere and social conditions), the scores were higher than the average. Conclusion: Considering the increasing need of students to access authentic Islamic resources in the way of facing social doubts and challenges, the necessity of dynamic and more efficient planning for more effectiveness of education courses seems necessary and essential.

Abstract Although overthrowing the Islamic Republic of Iran by harsh means—particularly military force—remains a goal of the regime's adversaries, one of the most effective and least costly approaches is soft warfare, especially through changing the population's lifestyle. Given that the family constitutes the fundamental unit of Iranian Islamic society and women are the cornerstone of the family, focusing on transforming Iranian women's lifestyles to resemble Western women's lifestyles is a key component of this soft warfare.



This article aims to delineate the characteristics of the Western woman's lifestyle by examining statements of prominent Western women and analyzing evidence found in speeches and official documents of Western governments. Findings indicate that emulating the Western woman's lifestyle may have serious consequences: in the long term it could weaken the family institution, alter the values of future generations, and ultimately challenge the ideological and political foundations of the Islamic Republic of Iran.



The link between changes in women's lifestyles and political weakening lies in women's central role in reinforcing the family and shaping future generations' upbringing—roles that will direct social views and demands of Iranian women and men in coming decades. If such views and demands turn toward opposing the necessity of applying Islamic precepts to the governance of individuals and society, they may contribute to the weakening or even the transformation of the Islamic Republic.

Abstract Political Islam is a new concept in the political literature of the world, which is derived from authentic Islamic elements. This concept seeks to introduce Islam as a comprehensive religion that has diverse political, religious and cultural dimensions corresponding to human beings and society. The main question of the present article is how Imam Khomeini, as a charismatic leader, was able to use the cultural and social contexts of Iran to bring the religion of Islam and its agents from the special semantic field of society to the general field of politics Islamic revolution in 1357? In response to this question, the hypothesis of the research emphasizes the point that Imam Khomeini (RA) by formulating the theory of religious authority and using it, turned Islam into a political-social discourse and introduced the clergy as the religious agents of politics. Also, the findings of the research show that Imam Khomeini (RA) with his special leadership, which is of three types; Weber's intellectual, traditional and charismatic authority at the same time was able to define a special status and dignity for Velayat al-Faqih as a "political matter" in competition with his rival discourses. The qualitative research method is discourse analysis and the method of collecting library data and virtual space resources.

Abstract This article examines the role of economic policies on market modernization in Iran after the Islamic Revolution. The main research question is which economic policies have had the greatest impact on accelerating or slowing down the process of market modernization in Iran? The main hypothesis is that economic policies, especially in the fields of trade and industry, have not only affected the market structure but also shaped the discourses of power and knowledge in society. The market in Iran is an institution with multiple functions that plays an important role in the economic, political, and cultural life of society. The aim of this research is to analyze the impact of economic policies on market structure and identify the challenges and opportunities in this field. The research methodology includes analyzing economic data and interviewing experts in the fields of economics and markets. However, at the same time, there are also challenges such as cultural mismatch and infrastructure problems. Using a qualitative research method and existing data analysis, this article examines the positive and negative impacts of modernization on the Iranian market. The research findings show that economic policies, especially in the field of facilitating access to technology and supporting entrepreneurship, have had a significant positive impact on the modernization process. Finally, it is suggested that to improve the market modernization process, policymakers should pay more attention to developing comprehensive and coordinated economic policies and focus on strengthening economic and social infrastructure.

Abstract In recent decades, the model of good governance has been proposed as a new paradigm in democratic political systems. One of the main indicators of this model is accountability, which requires political power to be accountable for its performance and decisions that determine the fate of citizens by recognizing the rights of citizens within the framework of the law.

Reform and fundamentalist governments in the Islamic Republic of Iran have high discursive capacity and different value practices.. This study, using a descriptive-analytical method, uses library and document resources to analyze and analyze the approach of the seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth governments to development programs and their level of responsiveness to women's issues in different areas. The question raised is: How has the responsiveness to women's issues been in the reform and fundamentalist government in relation to the third, fourth, and fifth development programs? After analyzing and reviewing the collected information, the research concludes that, given the understanding of women's time and their demands, responsiveness in the field of women in the seventh and eighth governments has been more successful than the ninth and tenth governments. In this way, the seventh and eighth governments were responsive to the provisions of the development program related to women in the cultural, social, political, and economic spheres, while the responsiveness index of the ninth and tenth governments has declined in relation to the provisions of the development program.

Abstract Citizenship rights are one of the main pillars of human rights that have been considered by scholars and statesmen around the world from various angles. The study of citizenship rights is necessary because this issue is promoted by Western countries and the Western view, while some of these countries trample on many of the citizenship rights of their nations, While the Islamic Revolution considers the origin of these rights to be Islam, in recent years, some Muslims have neglected this issue and have accepted Western schools as advocates of citizenship rights and have imitated them. For this purpose, this article seeks to examine the concept of citizenship rights in the three dimensions of Islam from the perspective of the Islamic Revolution and in contrast to the Western viewpoint. Therefore, this research seeks to answer the question of how citizenship rights derived from Islamic thought have been depicted in the view of the Islamic Revolution. To answer this question, a descriptive method and an Islamic-indigenous theoretical framework have been used and the findings showed that citizenship rights in the thought of the Islamic Revolution and in contrast to the Western view based on the three dimensions of Islam (beliefs, ethics, jurisprudence) have been categorized in the form of ideological rights, moral-spiritual rights, and political-jurisprudential rights, which are focused on the capacity of the individual (including strengths and weaknesses) and the capacity of society (including opportunities and threats) to produce and Sometimes it is restricted.