scientific journal Political Sociology of the Islamic Revolution

Abstract The issue of change in the formation of the institution of government or state-building in recent decades in the discussion of development has been one of the most challenging issues in political science. According to neo-conservatives, the government as an independent agent has returned to the context of social and political science studies and has been able to play an independent and active role as an active and independent agent in economic and social developments. Therefore, the institution of government is of great importance in the process of development. This article tries to answer the central question of the institutionalist method and using documentary-library sources that despite the fact that more than one hundred years have passed since the existence of the government in Iran, why is the modern government still an "institution" in Iran (especially in The period we are discussing (the Islamic Republic) has not been formed and as a result the government institution does not have the necessary efficiency in development. In response to the above question, the following hypothesis can be raised: The Islamic Revolution of Iran had a flexible beginning with the phenomenon of national government, also the form of national government meaning government mechanisms and structures formed during the Pahlavi period in the Islamic Republic was preserved. Although the nature of the regime in the Islamic Republic had an Islamic identity and governments have legal institutions, but due to the priority of macro goals and aspirations (such as the establishment of a single nation) and the survival of the changing role of oil revenues in Iran's economic and political system, the phenomenon The nation-state has not been completed and the institution of government has been poorly developed.

Abstract Addressing the issue of the new middle class as one of the main influential groups in the contemporary period of Iranian history, especially in the last four decades, is of various dimensions. One of these dimensions that has and will have a great impact on the understanding of the Islamic Revolution is the developments, characteristics and political challenges of the new middle class in the Islamic Republic. What political developments has the emergence and existence of a new middle class in the Islamic Republic of Iran gone through and what challenges does it pose to the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran? The main question of this article is. Methodologically, it is a descriptive-analytical study that has been used as a library method to collect information. The results show that the emergence of a new middle class in Iran and its developments has faced the Islamic Republic with challenges such as the fluidity of political demands and tendencies, discourse conflict with the traditional middle class, multiple political demands and good governance.

Abstract Elite is a central concept in sociology and political science and has been widely criticized despite various conceptualizations. Elites, especially political elites, have long played an important role in the evolution of societies in various dimensions. The Islamic Revolution of Iran has been considered a turning point in the history of socio-political developments in the contemporary world, which has brought about many changes. The victory of the Islamic Revolution in 1957 symbolized the victory of a government based on values ​​and beliefs, which opened a new chapter in popular movements and promoted the position of ideological beliefs. In this system, political elites have a prominent position and play an important role in basic decisions in various dimensions. The study of the behavior of political elites in Iran after the Islamic Revolution, especially in the last two decades, indicates the continuation of the behavioral and cultural characteristics of political elites in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The upbringing and selection of political elites in Iran after the revolution does not have a well-organized and pre-designed model. In addition to the continuation of these characteristics in the elites, other factors such as the inefficiency of political institutions, which is rooted in the behavior of the elites, has led to many changes in the political and social arena of the Islamic Republic of Iran, especially in recent decades. In this article, we emphasize the rotation of political elites in Iran after the Islamic Revolution. The present study is of qualitative type and data collection has been done through books and articles.

Abstract The Supreme Leader considered the resistance economy as one of the requirements of the country's economic policy and said: One of the conditions of the resistance economy is the use of all governmental and popular capacities; Use both the thoughts and ideas and strategies provided by the experts, and use the funds. Therefore, in this regard, the national mobilization of the people and officials has a significant role. For national mobilization in a resistance economy, in addition to economic prerequisites and dimensions, we need to consider other non-economic dimensions. These include: jihadi management, national cohesion, the fight against rent-seeking and corruption, attention to the vision document and upstream documents, attention to data-based companies, government agility, etc. National mobilization plays a key role in this. The common denominator of the two categories of resistance economy and national mobilization are the people. In this research, while using research mixed with descriptive-inferential method, we seek to answer the question that what strategies can mobilize the Iranian nation in a resistance economy?

Abstract The geopoliticalization of Shiism After the Islamic Revolution and the subsequent expansion of Iran's role and function in international relations in the Middle East, Shiism became one of the most important and influential factors in the geopolitical world. The formation of a Shiite government led by religious scholars in a large Shiite-majority country had never happened in the past. Thus, the Iranian revolution focused on reviving and popularizing the Shiite religious identity and, even more generally, the Muslim religious identity, and led to the emergence of Shiite governments and movements in the Middle East, which in turn shifted the balance of power in the region. He changed the phrase, which resulted in an increase in the power and influence of the Shiites in the developments in the region. Therefore, explaining these developments in the context of Shiite geopolitics is the subject of this article.

Abstract The formation of the 1979 revolution in Iran has unique features, such as being Islamic and based on the Shiite religion. The existence of the element of religion as the main element of the Islamic Revolution has distinguished this revolution from other revolutions. After that, in many Islamic countries, the influence of the successes of the Islamic Revolution and the ideology of Imam Khomeini (ra), with its successful insistence on "People's Islam", was strongly felt. Imam Khomeini's views and thoughts have played a significant role in exporting the values ​​of the Islamic Revolution beyond the borders of Iran. The present article examines the impact of the Islamic Revolution of Iran on Islamic movements and explores the impact of Imam Khomeini's ideas on Iraq. At the same time, the fear of Westerners returning to radical Islam and its teachings and influencing Islamic movements makes it more important to pay attention to the Islamic Revolution of Iran.

Abstract Before the outbreak of World War I and the fall of the Ottoman Empire, thinkers in the Islamic world often interpreted the two categories of religion and state as interconnected concepts and did not believe in the separation of religion and state. Towards the end of the Ottoman Empire and the mid-Qajar period, with the growth of Western political thought in the Islamic world and later with the fall of this empire, modern political thought grew and expanded among Muslim intellectuals and modernists. In the nineteenth century, students who went to Europe, influenced by the idea of ​​the nation-state, called for the separation of religion and state. With the coming to power of the Pahlavi government, this trend was further strengthened and entered into a serious challenge with the religious spectrum. Imam Khomeini, who was in charge of the seminary after the death of Ayatollah Boroujerdi, tried to link it to all aspects of human life by presenting a comprehensive interpretation of religion. The present study tries to explain his answer in the form of mainly socio-political issues by asking the question of what is meant by the Imam's holistic interpretation of Islam.

Abstract This study attempts to answer the pollowing question: “What impact political satire has had on the political development of Iran during the years 1997-2005”, and scrutinises on the assumption that “based on the analysis of the content of Golagha monthly during 1997-2005, political satire caused the creation of a space of tolerance and open-mindedness, which resulted in the improvement of Iran’s political development during the Mentioned period”. It analysis the content of the cover of Golagha monthly, using the documentary, library, and interviewing methods.

Political satire as a sign of political development, can have a significant impact on advancing the society toward growth and excellence. The political satire in the Golagha monthly can be considered as one of the underlying factors for Promoting political development during the reformation period (1997-2005). Considering its common grounds with the indicators of political development (and as a result having reflective and directive approaches of elaborating on the shortcomings and defects of the society to the government), it had a substantial role in Iran taking steps from the present situation to the desirable situation. Based on the analysis of the common grounds between the political situation during that time and the political satire of Golagha monthly, it can be considered as the reflection of the anxieties of the society during the reformation period.

Abstract parties and organizations. So, the question that arises here is how to analyze and examine the position of constitutional agents in the failure of this movement with a sociological approach? The hypothesis of the research is that the internal contradictions and obvious contradictions in the actions of the groups involved in this revolution are considered the main reason for the failure of this movement. The results of the research show that the lack of a correct definition of the constitution, the transformation of constitutionalism into the formation of a new state in the form of a powerful person (here Reza Shah), the contradictions and divisions of the institution of the clergy, as well as the challenge of the clergy with the complete introduction of concepts and values Western influence - which was in conflict with Islamic values - to the Iranian society, the intervention of foreign powers and the control of the process of constitutional changes caused the failure of the constitution, and the final result was the birth of a new dictatorship from its heart. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical, and the data was collected in a library and survey method.