The relationship between Iran and Iraq, due to geographical proximity, historical and cultural commonalities, and their security and political significance, is considered one of the most complex bilateral relations in the Middle East. This study aims to examine the points of convergence and divergence among Iraqi political groups and parties regarding Iran and to analyze their impact on Iraq's foreign policy and regional security. The research analyzes the active Shiite, Sunni, and Kurdish currents in Iraq, their political alliances, and internal competitions, while exploring the role of religious, ideological, ethnic, and economic considerations in shaping Iraq’s foreign policy behavior. The findings indicate that Shiite groups, including the Fatah Alliance, the State of Law Coalition, and the Popular Mobilization Forces, share the strongest religious, security, and historical affinities with Iran and play a key role in political alignment and regional opportunity-building. In contrast, Sunni and Kurdish groups, despite shared interests such as counterterrorism and economic cooperation, remain cautious regarding Iran’s influence and maintain specific interactions with Arab countries, Turkey, and the United States, complicating Iraq’s foreign policy. Comparative analysis shows that internal alliances and conflicts both create opportunities for cooperation and impose limitations on foreign policy. The study concludes that a precise understanding of Iraq’s political composition, alliances, and internal conflicts is essential for Iran and can play a critical role in border security management, threat mitigation, and the exploitation of regional opportunities.