Today, one of the most influential factors in the economic development of countries is government policy, as governments have historically devoted significant attention to reforming economic structures and achieving development. Following the end of the Iran-Iraq War, the Islamic Republic of Iran has pursued a path of economic development within the framework of the “resistance economy” and has sought to implement this model in its macroeconomic policymaking. The present study, adopting a comparative and documentary approach, seeks to address the fundamental question of how the policies of the three governments—“Construction” (Sazandegi), “Reform” (Eslah), and “Justice-oriented” (Adalat-Mahvari)—differed and converged, and to what extent these policies aligned with the principles of the resistance economy. The findings indicate that, although all three administrations endeavored to realize and implement this paradigm in accordance with the guidelines of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution, they achieved limited success in its effective and sustainable execution. Based on three key indicators—economic growth, inflation, and the Gini coefficient—the economic performance of these governments faced significant challenges. Consequently, not only were the objectives of the resistance economy only partially achieved, but adverse outcomes, such as an increase in social inequality and disruption of social balance, also emerged within Iranian society.