scientific journal Political Sociology of the Islamic Revolution

Abstract The concept of justice in the thought of Imam Khomeini (RA) is one of the most fundamental concepts that has a decisive presence in the personal, moral, social and political spheres. This research, with an analytical-philosophical approach, examines the foundations and various dimensions of justice in his thought and shows that justice is not just a legal or political principle, but is rooted in anthropology, ethics and teleology of human life. In this framework, individual justice is considered as the balance of self-powers, internal refinement and establishment of virtue, a prelude to the realization of justice in the social arena. According to Imam Khomeini (RA), a just society is formed when the political structure and social relations are organized based on the rejection of oppression, respect for human rights, and adherence to divine values. The findings of this research show that justice in Imam's thought is a continuous and multi-level concept that starts with the self-improvement of the individual and extends to the establishment of a just social and political order. Based on this, the relationship between individual justice and social justice in his thought is an inseparable and evolutionary relationship; In such a way that without human reformation, sustainable social justice cannot be achieved, and without a fair structure, the ground for human moral growth will not be provided.

Abstract In this study, a sociological analysis of Imam Khomeini's (RA) political thought has been conducted, focusing on key concepts such as the guardianship of the jurist, political independence, and the relationship between religion and the state. These thoughts have been formed within the framework of Islamic discourse and with an emphasis on popular participation, social justice, and the fight against global arrogance. Existing research shows that his political thought is based on principles such as the rule of divine law, the government's responsibility to the people, and the need to preserve Islamic identity against Western cultural influence. The research method in this analysis was mainly based on discourse analysis using original texts including speeches, wills, and written works of Imam Khomeini (RA). This method, by using linguistic analysis, examining socio-historical contexts, and discovering power relations in political discourse, provides the opportunity to understand the hidden layers of his thought.Qualitative methods such as content analysis of historical documents and archival documents have also been used to reconstruct the context in which these ideas were formed. Research findings indicate that Imam Khomeini's political discourse is organized around floating concepts such as "Islamic nation", "independence" and "fighting arrogance". By creating a link between religious concepts and the requirements of modern governance, these ideas have designed a new model of religious government under the title of "Islamic Republic" in which Shiite jurisprudence acts as the central core of the legal-political system. This analysis shows how religious concepts have been redefined in the contemporary socio-political

Abstract Social justice has been a long-standing demand in Iran's contemporary history, which entered Iran's political culture since the constitutional revolution and under the left discourse. During the second Pahlavi period, the desire for justice was strongly intertwined with political trends and found deep connections with the issue of political legitimacy. This led to the delegitimization of the established regime with a justice-seeking approach and the use of justice policy as a sociological source of legitimacy in the alternative system. In the following article, the mentioned historical process is analyzed with a sociological approach and descriptive and analytical method. The article aims to answer the question that how the distributive justice policy directed towards the poor, became one of the most important sources of legitimacy in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The findings of the research indicate that the aforementioned policy is not the exclusive creation of the Islamic Republic, but rather the product of a historical process that the majority of contemporary Iranian political forces have played a role in creating it. The Islamic Republic of Iran has had the opportunity to take advantage of this legitimizing source due to its wide base among the lower classes since its establishment.Analyzing the link between political legitimacy and social justice as a historical matter, from before to after the revolution, is the main goal of this research.

Abstract The victory of Iran’s Islamic Revolution in 1979 marked an epistemological rupture in the prevailing paradigms of public administration and the political sociology of development. At the core of this new configuration, the concept of "social justice" was established—not merely as a palliative welfare policy or a propaganda slogan, but as a central signifier and the philosophical basis for the political legitimacy of the system—thereby delineating its conceptual boundaries against rigid socialist egalitarianism and the formalistic liberty of liberalism. Employing an approach that traces epistemological lineage alongside a descriptive-analytical method, this study examines the origins of the concept of justice within the intellectual frameworks of two leading theorists of the Islamic Revolution—Imam Khomeini and Professor Morteza Motahhari—and elucidates its structural implications for the reproduction of "social capital" and the quality of "political participation." The findings indicate that Motahhari—drawing upon the theological foundations of the *Adliyya* school, Shi'a rationalism, and an emphasis on innate rights—establishes a model of "procedural and merit-based justice." The sociological outcomes of this model include the generation of institutional trust and structural discipline, the strengthening of bridging social capital, and the elevation of political participation to a level that is civic, institutionalized, and rational. In contrast, taking "engaged mysticism" (or "applied spirituality"), a purpose-oriented jurisprudence of governance, and the Quranic dichotomy of the "oppressed versus the arrogant" as his starting points, Imam Khomeini emphasizes "

Abstract The Islamic Revolution is a public-Islamic movement that follows important goals for the progress of man and society. The tendency toward class discrimination can challenge the entity of some supreme purposes of the Islamic Republic. The inclination to luxury orientation among some layers of authorities can demonstrate a type of non-Alavi ruling and the non-divine and non-popular policy of this behavior style can create some problems for the realization of the Islamic Revolution’s objectives. The present study aims to recognize the harms of the tendency toward class discrimination using a descriptive-analytical method and reviewing the available opinions. Provision of a specific definition of aristocracy and exploration of a way to obviate and avoid this defect through a public culturalization and development of the public and media supervision as well as the infusing the element of simple lifestyle as one of the main components to get any position in the Islamic Republic, are among the objectives of the present study. The weak performance of the responsible institutions, such as the legislature, the executive, the judiciary, and the governing institutions, as well as the involvement of influential people and political factions in fighting against class discrimination, and mere reliance on speeches, are among the most important causes of the growth of class discrimination in the Islamic Republic.

Abstract The most important schools of interest in developing countries, especially after World War II, are based on the liberal and socialist approaches, each of which has subdivisions in this area. Models based on the liberal approach rely on market economy, privatization, government non-interference in the economy, and the attraction of foreign capital and the development of exports. Socialist models also believe in government intervention and direction in the economy based on centralized government planning. On this basis, each of the post-revolutionary governments has chosen a specific model according to the specific conditions of that period. An important issue is the comparison of social justice with these patterns of development. In order to study this issue, the question is to what extent the development models in the governments after the Islamic Revolution have been successful in achieving social justice? The outcome of social justice in these states is determined by evaluating and comparing development indicators as well as social justice, such as poverty alleviation and deprivation, inflation rate, unemployment rate, economic growth and Gini coefficient. The present study intends to use the analytical-comparative method to examine and compare the extent of social justice in the development patterns of these states.

Abstract Social justice means the design and implementation of the legal system in such a way that everyone gets their rational rights and performs duties in return for those rights or accepts the responsibility and consequences of violating it. Corruption is a global phenomenon and no society can be safe from corruption and its consequences. The reason for this universality is that the roots of corruption are the same in different societies. Therefore, as a product of these common roots, corruption will naturally grow everywhere. This research sought to answer the question, what is the relationship between the perception of social justice and its dimensions (proportionality, equality) and the perception of corruption and its dimensions among the citizens of Sari city in Mazandaran province? In this research, the theories of Rawls, Hume, Harvey, Giddens, Weber, Pareto, and Durkheim were used to explain the impact of social justice on the perception of corruption. The required data were collected from a statistical sample of 400 people using a survey method and a questionnaire tool. Is. SPSS software was used for data analysis. The results of the research show that there is a significant relationship between the dimensions of the justice perception variable and the corruption perception variable. Examining the relationship between the variables indicates that there is an inverse and negative correlation between the variables, the impact of social justice perception dimensions on corruption perception was almost equal (0.82). The results of the research confirm the ideas presented in the theoretical framework and are in line with previous researches.