scientific journal Political Sociology of the Islamic Revolution

Abstract The aim of this study is to explore the foundations of the nation's rights (with an emphasis on freedom) within the intellectual system of Imam Khamenei. The research employs a rational method and a descriptive-analytical approach, and the data have been collected through a systematic study of his speeches and directives. The findings indicate that the foundations of the nation's rights in his thought can be explained at two levels: conceptual foundations, which address the definition and nature of the nation's rights and the theoretical framework necessary for their interpretation and implementation within the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The affirmational foundations (taṣdīqī) are also examined in two categories—"remote" (dor) and "proximate" (nazdik): the remote foundations rest on components such as an ontology based on the continuity of divine guardianship (wilāyah), an epistemology that integrates religious rationality with social experience, a methodology including dynamic ijtihad, the Constitution as an executive framework, an anthropology based on free will, responsibility, and spirituality, and a sociology based on religious democracy. The proximate foundations are dedicated to the principles and practical factors that realize the nation's rights within the Islamic system.

Abstract In this article, we attempt to examine the issue of political participation and the functions of elections in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic. This article is written in a descriptive and analytical manner and seeks to answer these questions: 1. What are the foundations and status of the political participation of the Iranian people in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic? and 2. What legal steps are foreseen for political participation in the Constitution? The findings of the research showed that the grounds for the extensive participation of the Iranian people in the Islamic Revolution led by Imam Khomeini are reflected in the Constitution, and therefore it can be said that the main goal of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic was to realize the sovereignty of the nation with an emphasis on the religious foundations of political participation. The drafters of the Constitution considered one of the duties of the revolutionary and newly established government of the Islamic Republic to provide for the participation of the public in determining the political, economic, social and cultural destiny, and identified and emphasized the legal methods of political participation of the people in various principles.

Abstract The genealogy of the Islamic Revolution can be traced from many and different directions. One of them is to identify its intellectual and discourse origins. Therefore, this article raises its main question about the place of justice in Motahari's thought and its crystallization in the discourse of Iran's Islamic Revolution. The hypothesis of the article is that the Islamic revolution, as a revolution with divine intellectual foundations, definitely paid attention to the concept of justice in its discourse. The crystallization of this concept can be seen in the constitution, which was actually an extract of the thoughts of the Islamic Revolution. Now, in order to understand the best discourse, one must follow its intellectual genealogy in the key thinkers of the revolution, of which Professor Motahari was one of the most important. The findings of the research have shown that the intellectual system of the Islamic Revolution was originally a justice-centered discourse, and the descent of many of its components and elements can be traced in the thought of Professor Motahari. The approach of the descriptive-analytical article and the method of data collection was library.

Abstract One of the important categories in Iran is cultural diversity. The purpose of this article is to examine the question of what place cultural diversity has in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and what are the solutions for cultural diversity in the Islamic Republic of Iran from the perspective of political sociology? This article is descriptive and analytical, and data collection has been used in data collection. The findings indicate that cultural diversity is formed in appropriate political and social contexts. Cultural diversity is recognized in Iran's constitution. Several principles of the constitution deal with the issue of culture and cultural rights, such as the right to free education, the right to freedom of communication and information, and the right to equality in enjoying all cultural rights. Cultural diversity in Iran's constitution includes three cultural elements, namely, language, religion and way of life. It seems that one of the challenges and problems facing cultural diversity is the non-recognition of cultural rights in an independent form and the non-allocation of a specific annual cultural budget from the government. The opportunity to consider cultural diversity, view cultural diversity as the foundation of security, adopt multicultural policies in general and multicultural education policies in particular, pay attention to social realities and intercultural sensitivities, intercultural communication, intercultural education and intercultural dialogue are among the most important It is a solution to strengthen cultural diversity in the Islamic Republic of Iran from the perspective of political sociology.

Abstract The intellectual and ideological foundations of the nation's rights in the constitutional law and the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran is one of the topics that is the subject of debate and disagreement and has received little attention. Therefore, this is the basis for writing the present study. The aim of this paper is to examine the question of what are the ideological foundations of the nation's rights in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the constitution from the perspective of political sociology. The hypothesis of the article is: Internal socio-political developments, such as interaction with the outside world and European countries as well as external events, such as the defeat of Russia against Japan are the foundations of the political sociology of the nation's rights in the constitutional law. The continuation of the libertarian approach in the Islamic Revolution of 1979 is also the basis of the political sociology of the nation's rights in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The present study is descriptive and analytical, and the library method was employed to explore the mentioned topic. The findings indicate that various events, such as the defeat of Iran by Russia, industrialization developments and revolutions, such as the French Revolution as a foreign factor and the sending of Iranian students abroad and their interaction with the world outside of Iran, the inability of the Qajars to manage the affairs of the country properly and the dissatisfaction of various classes,.

Abstract The image of a woman in Persian poetry is one of the ways to know the identity and position of Iranian women in different periods. The literature of each era shows the attitude of the writers and poets of that time and generally expresses the ruling thought of that era. So, in order to understand women's image in each period, it is appropriate to study the poems of the poets of that period in order to achieve this important fact. Since the beginning of constitutionalism, the status of Iranian women has been the focus and expression of Iranian intellectuals, including Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahar. He deals with the issue of women and topics such as: love, marriage, hijab and cultural and social activities, and he writes poems about women and supporting their rights and freedom. With an attitude influenced by traditional culture, Bahar does not have a positive view of women and love, but he places women in the position of mothers and gives her a worthy and worthy position. During the period of the Islamic revolution, women have an active presence in society, and in addition to participating in the struggle against the Taghut, she has been influential in political and social issues. From some qualitative and spiritual indicators, his condition improves to some extent. In this article, an attempt has been made to analyze the image of women in the period of the Islamic revolution and the constitutional period based on the poetic thought of Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahar

Abstract Religious democracy is a political theory based on the two principles of God and people, but at the same time it is not theocracy or democracy. Rulers in a theocracy are considered to be appointed by God, enforce His law, and answerable only to Him, while in a democracy they rule according to the will of the majority of the people. The main research question is, what is the position of God and people in the religious democratic system based on the principles of the constitution? In response, data and documents are collected and analyzed with a descriptive-analytical approach and library tools. According to the results of this research, based on the principles of the constitution, religious democracy is based on both the foundation of God and the people, the political will of the people is defined during the absolute sovereignty of God, and the laws of God, chosen by the majority of the people, form the framework of the political system, and in that people They are in control of their destiny on behalf of God, and those in charge are accountable both to the people and to God.

Abstract As the most important legal text, the constitution determines the behavioral and institutional framework in the Islamic Republic of Iran. On the other hand, one of the causes of the Islamic Revolution for the originators and the legislators is the issue of society and individuals’ independence and freedom in the face of the government. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the position of civil society and the rights of individuals from the political modernity point of view. To do so, the main research question is, “what is the position of the political modernity components in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran?”. It is a descriptive-analytical study. The data has been collected by the library and documentation methods. The Islamic Revolution discourse has tried to establish the political order under the political Islam discourse, which implements the Islamic and religious teachings in society and somehow directs the society towards spiritual and divine development. It brings about otherworldly prosperity for the concept of citizenship. On the other hand, according to Maurice Barbier, political modernity is based on the structural separation of the government, civil society, and the individual. In other words, modernity, in its political aspect, is based on respecting each mentioned component. The findings indicate that the components of civil society and the rights of individuals have been emphasized in the legal system of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Abstract The issue of political participation is general and comprehensive in human communities and it is rarely found a day when it is not talked about human rights and people’s participation in governments’ fate in the mass media, the press, and even everyday conversations. In Iran also, especially after the Islamic Revolution, political participation and specifically voting behavior grabbed particular attention. In the Iranian political and legal structure, the different means of realization of political participation have been accepted, though with some barriers, in the framework of the constitution and the laws in the area of public rights. Thus, the present study aims to analyze and explore the position of political participation in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. To do so, the indicators of political participation and its mechanism in the constitution were expressed using library studies. Besides, the election as one of the components of political participation in the constitution was investigated. the results indicate that the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran as the main document to guarantee rights and freedoms explicitly or implicitly enumerates the people’s political participation as a right for them and determines its boundaries. The Islamic Republic system and its constitution are created by the people’s votes and in the meantime, the election of the Supreme Leader indirectly as well as the president’s selection and selection of members of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, and participation, in the government administration and participation in the advancement of the country's affairs.

Abstract The third chapter of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran is devoted to the rights of the nation. The study of the third chapter of the constitution has not been considered from the point of view of political sociology. The basic question raised and analyzed in this article is what rights of the nation are included in the third chapter of the constitution according to the international human rights documents and more importantly, what are the political and social contexts. Is? The present article is descriptive and analytical and has investigated the mentioned topic using a library method. The findings indicate that what is proposed in the third chapter of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran is consistent with the human rights documents in this regard, although some of these rights face limitations. In the third chapter, the legislator has emphasized the freedom of individuals to the extent that it does not harm the rights and freedom of others, public order and Islamic principles. From the point of view of political sociology, the roots of the third chapter of the constitution should be sought in the libertarian developments of the constitutional revolution and libertarianism in this period. Because what is mentioned in the third chapter of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran was included in the Constitution. Of course, it is necessary to mention the people's demands for freedom during the Pahlavi period, which was manifested in the slogan of independence and freedom.

Abstract Individual and social freedoms form an important part of human rights standards. In the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, various examples of individual and social rights and freedoms have been discussed. The purpose of this article is to examine this important question: What are the sociological grounds of individual and social freedoms in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the sociological reasons for the limitations of these freedoms? The following article is descriptive and analytical and has investigated the mentioned question using the library method. The findings indicate that the developments of the constitutional revolution and the specification of individual and social freedoms in the constitutional amendment are among the sociological fields of individual and social freedoms in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. During this period, as a result of various factors, including Iran's interaction with the outside world, important measures were taken to limit the king's power, and at the same time, the public's desire and will, including individual and social rights and freedoms, were taken into consideration.

Abstract In the system of divine supervision, God Almighty and divine angels watch over the actions, behavior and intentions of humans, and it is pointed out to humans that God and angels watch over them at all times. Islam is a perfect religion that answers all evolutionary needs and brings happiness and perfection to man, as a result, it orders the agents and managers of the Islamic system to have a strict and fair supervision; because the stability and health of any government depends on the existence of a comprehensive monitoring system. The Islamic Republic of Iran is an efficient system based on Islamic foundations and its divine and popular legitimacy, and as a result, government supervision in this system has more strength and guarantee of implementation. on the actions of the government in the Islamic Republic of Iran with Sharia (Qur'an, Sunnah, hadiths and narrations) and legal foundations (constitution, rulings and orders of the leadership, ordinary laws, international legal rules, administrative regulations, judicial procedure, general legal principles and custom and habit) which is the reason for the consistency of supervision in the Islamic system.

Abstract   Today, the monitoring of the country's administrative organizations and its role in providing justice, equality and full guarantee of citizen's rights, as well as the realization of an efficient government, is undeniable. The purpose of monitoring is correction and improvement, and if this feature is not available in the administrative system, the system will not last long. This article deals with the analysis of the mechanism and areas of supervision of administrative organizations after the victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran with a descriptive and analytical method and it comes to the conclusion that the principle of supervision for healthy flow of power in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran as one of the The basic elements of the administration of the country's affairs have been emphasized because by guaranteeing compliance with laws and regulations, preventing the abuse of power and going beyond the scope of authority and authority, and compensating the damages caused to the citizens, as a means to ensure the proper functioning of the administrative system. comes. In the legal system of the country, there are many supervisory mechanisms for monitoring administrative actions with public, administrative, political, legislative, security, financial, ideological and judicial supervision mechanisms, which judicial supervision over the administrative organizations of the country compared to other types of supervision from executive guarantee. It is more appropriate.