scientific journal Political Sociology of the Islamic Revolution

Abstract Understanding political phenomena has been one of the major concerns of activists, philosophers, and political scientists. They tried to create, innovate, integrate, or borrow a set of theories that could understand and explain political phenomena. One of the most famous figures who has played a role in contemporary political literature is Anthony Giddens. He tried to study social and political phenomena by using his structuration theory. This research tries to answer this question: What ability does Giddens' structuration theory have in understanding Ayatollah Khamenei's political thought? The findings show that structuration theory, by combining the theories of structuralism and voluntarism, focuses on the rethinking of human nature, and this theory allows researchers of political thought to explain political phenomena by understanding political and social conditions and paying attention to individual will and rethinking. Ayatollah Khamenei's political thought, as the leader of the Islamic Republic, relies on the institutional structures of the Islamic Revolution and the Constitution on the one hand, and on the other hand, emphasizes the role of the people, youth, and elites in change and progress. This feature makes Giddens's structuration theory framework a suitable tool for understanding this thought.

Abstract Religious democracy is a political theory based on the two principles of God and people, but at the same time it is not theocracy or democracy. Rulers in a theocracy are considered to be appointed by God, enforce His law, and answerable only to Him, while in a democracy they rule according to the will of the majority of the people. The main research question is, what is the position of God and people in the religious democratic system based on the principles of the constitution? In response, data and documents are collected and analyzed with a descriptive-analytical approach and library tools. According to the results of this research, based on the principles of the constitution, religious democracy is based on both the foundation of God and the people, the political will of the people is defined during the absolute sovereignty of God, and the laws of God, chosen by the majority of the people, form the framework of the political system, and in that people They are in control of their destiny on behalf of God, and those in charge are accountable both to the people and to God.